Persia · Greece · Macedon · Rome

The Ancient World One thousand years of empires in motion

Follow the roads, fleets, armies, and cities that connect the Persian Wars to Alexander, Carthage, and Rome’s divided imperial world.

Milestone chronology · 499 BCE–476 CE
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The ancient Mediterranean and Near East, 499 BCE to 476 CE An interactive map of territorial control, cities, battles, people, and army movements across the Persian, Greek, Macedonian, and Roman worlds.
Drag to pan · scroll to zoom · select a city, person, army, or battle
Sources & method
The extended chronology is cross-checked against the Metropolitan Museum’s Ancient Greece, 1000 BCE–1 CE and Ancient Greece, 1–500 CE timelines, with the Diadochi chapter following Livius’ chronology. City coordinates and identifications are cross-checked against the Pleiades ancient-world gazetteer. Character medallions without a securely sourced likeness use clearly editorial monograms rather than invented portraits. Coastlines, lakes, and river centerlines use 1:50m Natural Earth vector data; mountain chains are generalized editorial ridgelines. Ancient control boundaries, routes, positions, battles, and army encampments are approximate reconstructions. Several dates, army strengths, and movements remain disputed.